The Irish Council for Civil Liberties (ICCL) and Digital Rights Ireland (DRI) have put together the 16-page document, which examines the powers of An Garda Síochána, Coimisiún na Meán, the European Commission and the Data Protection Commission.

The analysis concerns two types of illegal online content: “child pornography” as per the Child Trafficking and Pornography Act 1998, and non-consensual deepfake sexualised images of people, as per the Harassment, Harmful Communications and Related Offences Act 2020.

“There has been widespread media coverage of X’s Grok creating, publishing and distributing both types of imagery at scale and on demand,” the NGOs said.

“Both individuals and companies can be held criminally liable for both types of illegal imagery.

“Over a week ago, ICCL and DRI wrote to An Garda Síochána, calling on it to urgently exercise its powers to investigate and prosecute this industrial-scale production of child sexual abuse material.”