The 2025 National Cyber Risk Assessment, launched at the NCSC’s annual conference yesterday, warns of a “rapidly evolving global threat landscape”.

The document identifies three key systemic risks: the dynamic geopolitical environment; evolving technology and its implications on security; and supply chain security.

It makes five recommendations to mitigate Ireland’s identified risks, which will feed into the government’s next national cyber security strategy.

Richard Browne, director of the NCSC, said: “Ireland’s national security resilience increasingly depends on the integrity, availability, and security of its digital infrastructure.

“This 2025 National Cyber Risk Assessment clearly shows that cyber risks are evolving rapidly and that our critical infrastructure, government systems, and society as a whole face growing exposure.

“The report provides an essential evidence base for strengthening Ireland’s preparedness, resilience, and strategic response to these threats.”

Justice, home affairs and migration minister Jim O’Callaghan said: “Ireland’s digital infrastructure underpins all sectors of our society, delivering essential services that keep our hospitals, public transport, communications, and energy supply functioning.

“Cybercrime can have severe consequences. Identifying and developing comprehensive responses to risks that threaten these services is essential to protect our security and overall resilience.

“Opportunistic and motivated by financial gain, cybercriminals persistently seek out weaknesses in cybersecurity, exploiting victims using social engineering, online fraud scams and ransomware to steal money or data.”